Diabetes-Type 1

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Transcript:

The symptoms of type 1 diabetes...

Increased urination and thirst are due to prolonged hyperglycemia

The increased urination results in a loss of glucose...

...as well water and electrolytes

When the eye lenses are exposed to hyperosmolar fluids blurred vision develops

Weight loss is a common feature of type 1 diabetes...

...and this is despite normal or increased appetite

The weight loss is initially due to depletion of water, glycogen, & triglycerides

But after, there is reduced muscle mass

and this happens because amino acids are used to form glucose and ketone bodies

Potassium and muscle loss contribute to generalized weakness.

“Postural hypotension” also occurs due to lower blood volume

postural hypotension is also known as “orthostatic hypotension”

This is when there is a significant fall in blood pressure as the person stands up...

...and they can experience a sensation of wanting to “black out”

Paresthesia may be present at the time of diagnosis, particularly when the onset is subacute.

A temporary dysfunction of peripheral sensory nerves occurs due to chronic hyperglycemia....

...and this leads to “parasthesia”

“Parasthesia” is an abnormal sensation, typically a “pins and needles” feeling

But this resolves as insulin replacement normalizes glucose levels


Ketoacidosis worsens dehydration by causing anorexia, nausea and vomiting..

..and this hinders oral fluid replacement

Ketoacidosis is due to high concentrations of ketone bodies, formed by the breakdown of fatty acids and amino acids

When vomiting occurs in response to worsening ketoacidosis,

dehydration worsens and...

the body can no longer keep serum osmolality within normal limits

...and the person becomes “hyperosmolar”

For now, think of “osmolality” as “how concentrated the blood is”

The level of consciousness can vary depending on the degree of hyperosmolality...

and stupor or coma can occur.

www.presentingdisease.com

http://tinyurl.com/m7up5l8
http://tinyurl.com/lth38tb
http://tinyurl.com/pdt42ev