Diabetes-Diet Part 1

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Transcript:
The diabetic diet

A well-balanced diet is an important element of therapy.

The ADA recommends 45– 65% of total daily calories in the form of carbohydrates

25– 35% of calories as fat..

but less than 7% should be saturated fat

and 10– 35% of calories as protein

Type 2 diabetics should limit carbohydrate intake and...

substitute some of the calories with monounsaturated fats, such as....

olive oil, or nuts and avocados

This can lower triglycerides and increase HDL cholesterol.

Type 1 and type 2 diabetics who take insulin should learn “carbohydrate counting,”..

so they can administer their insulin dose based on carbohydrate content.

Both types of diabetics should limit cholesterol to 300 mg per day daily...

...but those with LDL cholesterol more than 100 mg/ dL should limit cholesterol to 200 mg per day

So what about protein?

High protein intake may cause worsening of kidney disease in patients with diabetic nephropathy..

so for these persons, a protein intake of 0.8 g per kg per day...

or about 10% of total calories is adequate

Note that high protein diets are not a CAUSE of kidney disease..

But those with EXISTING kidney disease should not be on a high protein diet

What about dietary fiber?

Plant components such as cellulose, gum, and pectin cannot be digested by humans..

and are called dietary “fiber.”

There are 2 types of fiber..

They are insoluble and soluble fiber..

Insoluble fibers such as cellulose or hemicellulose, which is found in bran...

increase the time it takes for food to pass through the gut..

and have the effect of creating regular bowel movements

However, soluble fibers such as gums and pectins..

which are found in beans, oatmeal, or apple skin..

slow down the rate of nutrient absorption

..so glucose absorption is slower and hyperglycemia may be slightly reduced

What role does the glycemic index or GI play?

The GI only pertains to carbohydrates

so..technically, a food source that only contains protein or fat...

Will have a GI of zero

Eating low glycemic index foods results in lower glucose levels

Low glycemic index foods have values of 55 or less..

and include many fruits, vegetables, grainy breads, pasta, and legumes.

High glycemic index foods have values of 70 or more..

and include baked potato, white bread, and white rice.

Glycemic index of a MEAL is lowered when fat and protein are included

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