Penalties Part I

With the World Cup now over this is the first in the series looking at the science behind penalty shootouts.

References
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Wood & Wilson, (2010). A moving goalkeeper distracts penalty takers and impairs shooting accuracy, Journal of sport science, 28, 937-946.

Scurr & Hall, (2009). The Effects of Approach Angle on Penalty Kicking Accuracy and Kick Kinematics with Recreational Soccer Players
Journal of Sports Science and medicine: 8(2), 230-234.

Anderson & Dorge, (2011). The influence of speed of approach and accuracy constraint on the maximal speed of the ball in soccer kicking
Scandinavian Journal of Medicine & Science in Sport.

Lees & Nolan, (1998). The biomechanics of soccer: A review, 16(3).

Opta World Cup Penalty Kicks, (2017). www.Opta.com

van den Tillaar & Fuglurstad, (2017). Effect of Instructions Prioritizing Speed or Accuracy on Kinematics and Kicking Performance in Football Players
49(4), 414-421.

Shan & Westerhoff, (2005). soccer: Full-body kinematic characteristics of the maximal instep Soccer kick by male soccer players and parameters related to kick qua, journal of sports Biomechanics
, 4(1), 59-72.

Asai, Carre, Akatsuka & Haake, (2002). The curve kick of a football I: impact with the foot, Sports Engineering, 5(4), 183-192.

Kingston, K. M., & Hardy, L. (2001). Pre-performance routine training using holistic process goals. In P. R. Thomas (Ed.), Optimizing performance in golf (pp.264-278). Brisbane: Australian Academy Press