How Hybrid Electric Vehicles Work!

Hybrid electric vehicles have existed for a long time. Already at the beginning of the 20th century, Henri Pieper and Ferdinand Porsche developed hybrid electric vehicles. Today, efforts are being made, in particular in order to lower CO2 emissions, which have increased over the past years. Moreover, because of the low energy density of Li-ion batteries, purely electric vehicles are not yet an alternative to the traditional vehicles with combustion engines.

Contents
1) Historical view on hybrid cars
2) CO2 emissions
3) Problems of purely electric vehicles
4) Components of hybrid cars (engine, battery, generator)
5) Lithium-ion and nickel-metal hydride battery
6) Power train configurations (serial and parallel hybrid cars)
7) Range extender & power-split hybrids
8) Micro hybrids, mild hybrids and full hybrids
9) Plug-in hybrids