Early Afro-Arab relations

Early Afro-Arab relations

The Negroland of the Arabs examined and explained:

http://books.google.com/books?id=380NAAAAQAAJ&pg=PA93

quoting Ibn Battuta

"Ibn Batutah: the river descends to Yufi (Nufi), one of the greatest kingdoms of Negroland"

quoting Ibn Khaldun
On the other side of Africa Ibn Khaldun says

http://books.google.com/books?id=380NAAAAQAAJ&pg=PA117#

the Abyssinians (Ethiopians)..From their country Yemen once had its kings…. They believe that they are destined to become masters of Yemen and all Arabia

Bellow is from

http://www.amazon.com/Medieval-West-Africa-Scholars-Merchants/dp/155876304X/ref=sr_1_1?ie=UTF8&s=books&qid=1241409685&sr=8-1

"Medieval West Africa: Views from Arab scholars and Merchants" by Jay Spaulding and Nehemia Levtzion

P. 40 quote from Yaqut

The king of Zafun is stronger than the veiled people of the Maghreb and more versed in the art o kingship. The veiled people acknowledge his superiority over them, obey him and resort to him in all important matters of government

page 44

From Ibn Sa'id

This sultan has authority there over kingdoms such as those of the Tajuwa, Kawar, and FazzanGod has assisted him and he has many descendants and armies.

Link to Timbuctoo the mysterious

http://books.google.com/books?id=OYELAAAAIAAJ&pg=PA285

The scholars of Timbuctoo yielded in nothing to the saints and their miracles. During their sojourns in the foreign universities of Fez, Tunis, and Cairo, '

The anthropological treatises of Johann Friedrich Blumenbach see 3rd footnote page 307:

http://books.google.com/books?id=u9QKAAAAIAAJ&pg=PA307

Niabuhr: " Mohammedan merchants in Cairo, Jeddah, Surat, and other cities, are glad to buy boys of this kind; they have them taught writing and arithmetic, carry on their extensive business almost entirely through negro slaves, and send them to establish business places in foreign countries.