c++ recursion

Recursion is a programming and mathematical concept where a function or a process calls itself in order to solve a problem. It is a fundamental technique in computer science and mathematics and is widely used in solving problems that can be broken down into smaller, similar sub-problems.

In a recursive function or process, there are typically two main components:

Base Case: This is the termination condition that defines when the recursion should stop. Without a base case, the recursion would continue indefinitely, leading to a stack overflow or an infinite loop.

Recursive Case: In the recursive case, the function calls itself with a modified or smaller version of the original problem. The idea is to break down a complex problem into simpler instances of the same problem until the base case is reached.