Coeliotomy

Celiotomy, else known as Open abdominal surgery or laparotomy refers to any surgical operation in which the abdomen is opened to access or inspect the organs of the abdominal cavity.

Traditionally, surgeons perform the majority of gynecologic surgery using an "open" approach, which is through a wide (6-12 inch) abdominal incision below the navel and through the abdominal muscle wall.

The skin incision can be either transverse (horizontal) or vertical. The transverse incision is usually an inch or so above the pubic bone. This type of incision is also known as a "bikini" incision. This is the most common type of incision used during C-section.

Open abdominal surgery can be painful, involving heavy pain medications, risk of infection, significant blood loss and increased risk for transfusion. After surgery, a long recovery (often 6 weeks) is usually necessary. In addition, many patients are not happy with the scar left by the incision.

While minimally invasive surgery (laparoscopy) has been available for two decades now for many routine gynecologic procedures, most complex hysterectomy, myomectomies and sacrocolpopexies are performed using open surgery. This is because conventional laparoscopic technology can't provide surgeons the visualization, precision, dexterity and control required to handle challenges like large uteri, multiple adhesions from prior pelvic surgery.

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