Cleft lip

A cleft lip is a congenital deformity that occurs when the tissues of the lip don't properly fuse during fetal development. It's a relatively common birth defect, affecting about 1 in 500-700 births. Here are some key points about cleft lip:

- Types:
- Unilateral (one side of the lip)
- Bilateral (both sides of the lip)
- Incomplete (a small notch in the lip)
- Complete (a full separation of the lip)
- Causes: Genetic and environmental factors, such as family history, prenatal vitamins, and certain medications
- Symptoms:
- A split or gap in the upper lip
- Abnormal shape and appearance of the nose and mouth
- Difficulty feeding and swallowing
- Speech and language difficulties (if the cleft affects the palate)
- Treatment:
- Surgery (usually within the first year of life)
- Orthodontic and dental care
- Speech therapy
- Psychological support
- Organizations and resources:
- American Cleft Palate-Craniofacial Association (ACPA)
- Cleft Lip and Palate Association (CLAPA)
- Smile Train

Remember, early intervention and a comprehensive treatment plan can significantly improve the outcomes for children born with a cleft lip.