0x08 File ownership and file mode bits: chmod, chown

What are Linux file mode bits and how do we change them to change file permissions? Changing the ownership of files, avoiding giving files and folders the wrong permissions.

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// Music credits:
author:trackname { "DJ Disarray":"No longer the same" }
url:license { "https://soundcloud.com/dj-disarray/no-longer-the-same":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/"}